survive dialectally) and ",;change" (French) vs. Dutch verandering and German Änderung (literally "elsing, othering", i.e. "alteration"); "movement" (French) vs. Dutch beweging and German Bewegung ("beway-ing", i.e. "proceeding along the way"); etc. With the exception of exit (a Modern English borrowing), Middle English had already distanced itself from other Germanic languages, having the terms wharf,where to studyshow talk main8, schift (="shift"), and wending for "change"; and already by Old English times the word bewegan meant "to cover, envelop", rather than "to move". Preference of one synonym over another also causes differentiation in lexis, even where both words are Germanic, as in English care vs. German Sorge. Both words descend from Proto-Germanic *kar? and *surg? respectively, but *kar? has become the dominant word in English for "care" while in German, Dutch, and Scandinavian languages, the *surg? root prevailed,where to studycontact see know main6. *Surg? still survives in English,where to studyplease thank you main6, however, as sorrow.
Despite extensive lexical borrowing, the workings of the English language are resolutely Germanic,, and English remains classified as a Germanic language due to its structure and grammar. Borrowed words get incorporated into a Germanic system of conjugation, declension, and syntax, and behave exactly as though they were native Germanic words from Old English. For example, the word reduce is borrowed from Latin red?cere; however, in English one says "I reduce – I reduced – I will reduce" rather than "red?c? – red?x? – red?cam"; likewise, we say: "John's life insurance company",; (cf. Dutch ",seven;Johns levensverzekeringsmaatschappij",where to studysummer main8; [= leven (life) + verzekering (insurance) + maatschappij (company)] rather than "the company of insurance life of John",, cf. the French: la compagnie d'assurance-vie de John). Furthermore, in English, all basic grammatical particles added to nouns,where to studyhello hi my name main6, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are Germanic. For nouns, these include the normal plural marker -s/-es (apple – apples ,; cf. Frisian appel – appels ,where to studycontact see know main6; Dutch appel – appels ; Afrikaans appel &ndash,where to studyplease thank you main5; appels ), and the possessive markers -'s (Brad's hat,; German Brads Hut; Danish Brads hat) and -s' ,.
Despite extensive lexical borrowing, the workings of the English language are resolutely Germanic,, and English remains classified as a Germanic language due to its structure and grammar. Borrowed words get incorporated into a Germanic system of conjugation, declension, and syntax, and behave exactly as though they were native Germanic words from Old English. For example, the word reduce is borrowed from Latin red?cere; however, in English one says "I reduce – I reduced – I will reduce" rather than "red?c? – red?x? – red?cam"; likewise, we say: "John's life insurance company",; (cf. Dutch ",seven;Johns levensverzekeringsmaatschappij",where to studysummer main8; [= leven (life) + verzekering (insurance) + maatschappij (company)] rather than "the company of insurance life of John",, cf. the French: la compagnie d'assurance-vie de John). Furthermore, in English, all basic grammatical particles added to nouns,where to studyhello hi my name main6, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are Germanic. For nouns, these include the normal plural marker -s/-es (apple – apples ,; cf. Frisian appel – appels ,where to studycontact see know main6; Dutch appel – appels ; Afrikaans appel &ndash,where to studyplease thank you main5; appels ), and the possessive markers -'s (Brad's hat,; German Brads Hut; Danish Brads hat) and -s' ,.
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